PEMULIHAN (REPARATIONS) KORBAN PELANGGARAN BERAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI ARGENTINA DAN CILE


Andrey Sujatmoko(1*)

(1) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Abstract

Reparation is an integral part of state responsibility for the past of gross human rights violations committed in any country and it is also legal obligation under international law. Those violations have ever committed in Argentina (1976-1983) and Chile (1973-1990) during the military dictatorship regime. The applied method in this study is descriptive-analytic with historical approach to the reparation efforts for the victims of the past gross human rights violations in those countries. The author concludes that the characteristic of the gross human rights violations committed in Argentina and Chile can be categorized as crime against humanity based on the Rome Statute 1998. Reparations programs by fullfiling economic and social rights of the victims of gross human rights violations have been done by both countries as well.  

Keywords:

Reparation, Victim, Violation

 

Abstrak

Pemulihan adalah bagian integral dari tanggung jawab negara atas pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu yang terjadi di dalam suatu negara dan hal itu juga merupakan kewajiban hukum menurut hukum internasional. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran tersebut pernah terjadi di Argentina (1976-1983) dan Chile (1973-1990) selama rezim diktator militer berkuasa. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan historis terhadap upaya upaya-upaya pemulihan terhadap para korban pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu di kedua negara tersebut. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pelanggaran berat HAM yang terjadi di Argentina dan Cile dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan berdasarkan Statuta Roma 1998. Program-program pemulihan dengan memenuhi hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial dari para korban pelanggaran juga telah dilakukan oleh kedua negara itu. 

Kata Kunci:

Pemulihan, Korban, Pelanggaran


Full Text:

PDF

References


De Greiff, Pablo (ed.), 2006, The Handbook of Reparations, e-book, Oxford University Press, New York.

Hiariej, Eddy O. S., 2010, Pengadilan atas Beberapa Kejahatan Serius terhadap HAM, Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.

Kasim, Ifdhal dan Sius R. L, Eddie, (eds.), 2002, Mereka yang Menjadi Korban Hak Korban atas Restitusi, Kompensasi, dan Rehabilitasi, cetakan ke-1, ELSAM, Jakarta.

Kasim, Ifdhal dan Riyadi Terre, Eddie, (eds.), 2003, Pencarian Keadilan di Masa Transisi, cetakan ke-1, ELSAM, Jakarta.

Tomasevski, Katarina, 2000, Responding to Human Rights Violations 1946-1999, Kluwer Law International, The Hague.

Bonner, Michelle D., “Defining Rights in Democratization: The Argentine Government and Human Rights Organizations, 1983-2003”, Latin American Politics and Society, 47, 4, Winter 2005.

Borzutzky, Silvia, “The Politics of Impunity: The Cold War, State Terror, Trauma, Trials and Reparations in Argentina and Chile”, Latin American Research Review, 42, 1, 2007.

Collins, Cath, “Truth-Justice-Reparations Interaction Effects in Transitional Justice Practice: The Case of the ‘Valech Commission’ in Chile”, Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 49, Iss. 1, Feb 2017.

Klein, Marcus, “The Human Rights Violations of the Pinochet Regime and Their Legacy”, Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 74, April 2003.

Power, Robert C., “Pinochet and the Uncertain Globalization of Criminal Law”, The George Washington International Law Review, 39, 1, 2007.

“Commission of Inquiry: Chile 03”, [30/01/2017].

“Chile: Government Discloses Torture was State Policy, Commission Calls for Reparations for Thousands Tortured during Pinochet Era”, [31/01/2017].

“Truth Commission: Chile 90” [30/01/2017].

Jayni Edelstein, “Rights, Reparations and Reconciliation: Some Comparative Notes”, [01/01/2017].

Statuta Roma 1998 tentang Mahkamah Kejahatan Internasional.

Shelton, Dinah L., (edit.), 2005, Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Huma-nity, [A-H] 1, Thomson Gale, Farmington Hills, MI.

Kerry Whigham, 2016, “Affective Echoes: Affect, Resonant Violence, and the Processing of Collective Trauma in Post-Genocidal Societies”, Disertasi, New York University,




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v19i2.4368

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Asy-Syari'ah



Asy-Syari'ah is Indexed By:

 

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.

 

View My Stats

scatter hitam

situs slot gacor