MENINJAU BUKTI ILMIAH KEKUATAN BESI MENURUT CARA PANDANG ILMU KIMIA DAN SAINS YANG BERKAITAN BESERTA BEBERAPA KONSEKUENSINYA SEBAGAIMANA DISEBUT DALAM AL QURAN QS. AL HADIID:25


Dede Suhendar(1*)

(1) Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Bandung., Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Kauniyah verses of iron in the Qur'an Surah Al Hadiid, Verse 25, in particular, has not been widely studied in the perspective of chemistry, let the problems associated with its implementation according to what is listed in the verse. In this paper, we discussed about of “great strength of iron” in the verse from the viewpoint of modern chemistry supported with findings of iron in other scientific disciplines are closely related with, as in Geology, Physics, Biology and Materials Science. In this paper, we also discussed the meaning of the next sentence of the verse "...and that Allah may know who is helping (religion) Him and His apostles but God has not seen." The discussion is limited to a review of the nuclear chemistry (nuclides), chemical structure, magnetic, and chemical bonding properties. We can be concluded that the iron does have remarkable properties leading to iron predicate as stated in the verse. The facts of iron are following: (1) Iron is an element with isotopes that have the most stable nucleus of all the existing elements; (2) Iron has metal structure (polymorph) that adaptive to the presence of other metal/s or elements in its structure, so it can be made many variations of steel/alloy; (3) Iron has the strongest magnetic effect on life on earth; and (4) The nature of the bonds formed between the iron with organic compounds of iron proved a major role in biochemical processes. Finally, the great strength of the iron phenomenon has consequences as a reflection of Muslims in order to use it in various forms that lead to the establishment of Islamic symbols.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Peters, T., M. Iqbal, dan S.N. Haq (editor) (2006). Tuhan, Alam, Manusia: Perspektif Sains dan Agama (Penerjemah: Ahmad Baiquni). Bandung: PT. Mizan Pustaka.

Al Quran dan Terjemahan, Departemen Agama RI.

Lide, D.R. (editor). (2007). CRC Handbook Chemistry and Physics, 87th ed. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis Group.

Housecroft, E. and A.G. Sharpe. (2005). Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed., Essex: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Lieser, K.H. (2001). Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd ed. Weinheim (Fed. Rep. of Germany): Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

Cox, P.A. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Oxon: Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers.

A.M. Davis, H.D. Holland, and K.K. Turekian (editors). (2005). Meteorite, Comets and Planets. Treatise on Geochemistry, Vol. 1. Kidlington (UK): Elsevier Ltd.

Dvořák, J. (2007). Decay properties of nuclei close to Z = 108 and N = 162. Dissertation. Fakultät für Physik der Technischen Universität München, München.

Cwiok, S., P.-H. Heenen and W. Nazarewicz. (2005). Shape coexistence and triaxiality in the superheavy nuclei. Nature, 433(17): 705-709

Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Island-of-Stability.png

Pagel, B.E.J. (2009). Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Allegre, C.J. (2008). Isotop Geology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lalena, J.N. and D.A. Cleary. (2010). Principles of Inorganic Material Design. 2nd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nomoto, N., T. Chingping, M. Ohta, and K. Yamakawa. (1999). A Process for Manufacturing Cu-Fe Alloy C194-ESH with High Electrical Conductivity and Excellent Heat-Resistance, Hitachi Cable Review. No. 18.

Fyfe, D., C.E.A. Shanahan, and L.L. Shreir. (1970). Atmosheric Corrosion of Fe-Cu Alloys and Cu-Containing Steels. Corrosion Science, 10:817-830

Crespo, P., A. Hernando, R. Yavari, O. Drbohlav, A.G. Escorial, J.M. Barandaiaran, and I. Orue. (1993). Magnetic Behavior of Metastable fcc Fe-Cu after Thermal Treatments. Physical Review B., 48(10):7134-9.

W. Kappel, M.M. Codescu, I. Pasuk, E. Patroi, V. Kuncser, M. Valeanu, D. Predoi, G.Filoti. (2004). FexCu1-x Alloys for Permanent Magnets. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 6(3):973–978

Spaldin, N.A. (2011). Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Elkins-T, L.T. (2010). The Earth and the Moon. New York: Facts On File, Inc.

Crichton, R., J.R. Boelaert, V. Braun, K. Hantke, J.J.M. Marx, M. Santos, R. Ward. (2001). Inorganic Biochemistry of Iron Metabolism: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Martin, J.H. and S.E. Fitzwater. (1988). Iron-deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the Northeast Pacific Subarctic. Nature 331:341-343.

Hutchins, D.A., A.E. Witter, A. Butler and G.W. Luther. (1999). Competition among marine phytoplankton for different chelated iron species. Nature, 400(26): 858-861

Lam, P.J., D. Tortell, and F.M.M. Morel. (2001). Differential effects of iron additions on organic and inorganic carbon production by Phytoplankton. Limnological Oceanography, 46(5), 1199–1202.

Hassler, C.S. and V. Schoemann. (2009). Bioavailability of organically bound Fe to model phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean. Biogeoscience Discussion, 6:1677–1712.

Buesseler, K.O., S.C. Doney, D.M. Karl, P.W. Boyd, K. Caldeira, Fei Chai, K.H. Coale, Hein J.W. de Baar, P.G. Falkowski, K.S. Johnson, R.S. Lampitt, A.F. Michaels, S.W.A. Naqvi, V.Smetacek, S. Takeda, and A.J. Watson. (2008). Ocean Iron Fertilization—Moving Forward in a Sea of Uncertainty. Science, 319:162.

K.A. Hunter and P.W. Boyd. (2007). Iron-binding ligands and their role in the ocean biogeochemistry of iron. Environmental Chemistry 4:221–232.