Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan (Physalis sp.)

Authors

  • Effendy Effendy Universitas Brawijaya, Fakultas Pertanian, Program Studi Agroteknologi, Indonesia
  • Respatijarti Respatijarti Universitas Brawijaya, Fakultas Pertanian, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Indonesia
  • Budi Waluyo Universitas Brawijaya, Fakultas Pertanian, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/1864

Keywords:

Ciplukan, Heritabilitas, Keragaman genetik

Abstract

Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber biofarmaka dan buah di Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi ini dapat dilakukan melalui penyediaan varietas-varietas unggul ciplukan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas genetik melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Pemuliaan tanaman akan berhasil jika terdapat keragaman genetik yang luas dan heritabilitas tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas pada karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 34 aksesi ciplukan sebagai perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Areng-Areng, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu pada bulan Mei - September 2017. Karakter pada tanaman ciplukan ada yang mempunyai keragaman luas dan ada yang mempunyai keragaman sempit. Keragaman yang luas terdapat pada tinggi batang, jumlah bunga per tanaman, bobot per buah tanpa kelopak, bobot per buah dengan kelopak, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah buah segar per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Keragaman yang sempit terdapat pada karakter diameter batang, jumlah cabang tersier, jumlah bunga per cabang tersier, panjang tangkai buah, panjang kelopak, diameter kelopak, panjang buah, diameter buah, dan kemanisan buah. Nilai heritabilitas pada semua karakter termasuk kriteria tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh genetik lebih besar dibandingkan dengan faktor fenotip pada penampilan karakter tanaman ciplukan.

 

Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) is one of the potential plant to be developed as a source of medical plant and fruit in Indonesia. Increase production of this plant can be done through the provision of improved varieties of ciplukan by increasing the genetic capacity through plant breeding programs. Plant breeding will be successful if there is high genetic variability and heritability. This study aimed to study genetic variability and heritability on the character of yield component and yield in Physalis. The experiment used a randomized block design with 34 accessions of ciplukan as treatment repeated three times. The research was conducted in Areng-Areng sub-district, Junrejo District, Batu City from May until September 2017. Characters in ciplukan plants have wide and narrow variability. Characters that have a wide variability are stem height, number of flower per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per plant, weight per fruit without husks, weight per fruit with husk, weight of fruit per plant, and weight of fresh fruit per plant. Characters that have narrow variability are stem diameter, number of tertiary branching, number of flower per tertiary branching, length of fruit stalk, husk length, husk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, and sweetness. All characters have high heritability. This shows a greater genetic influence compared to phenotypic factors on the appearance of ciplukan characters.

 Physalis, genetic variablity, heritability

Key words : 

References

Acquaah, G. (2012). Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication.

Agustina, N. I., & Waluyo, B. (2017). Keragaman karakter morfo-agronomi dan keanekaragaman galur- galur cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Jurnal Agro, 4(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.15575/1608

Bell, V., & Oliver, L. (1979). Germination, control, and competition of cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata) in soybeans. Weed Science, 27(1), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500043654

Dapsia Djakbé, J., Ngakou, A., Christian, W., Faïbawe, E., & Fohouo

Tchuenguem, N.-F. (2017). Pollination and yield components of Physalis minima (Solanaceae) as affected by the foraging activity of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and compost at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon). Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, 11(3), 43–60.

Farida, W. R. (2015). Diversitas tumbuhan pakan, habitat dan pemanfaatan landak (Hystrix sp.) di Sumatera Selatan dan Kalimantan Timur [Diversity of feed plant, habitat, and use of porcupine (Hystrix sp.) in South Sumatra and East Kalimantan]. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia (Vol. 1, pp. 673–681). https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010348

Hirota, T., Sayama, T., Yamasaki, M., Sasama, H., Sugimoto, T.,

Ishimoto, M., & Yoshida, S. (2012). Diversity and population structure of black soybean landraces originating from Tanba and neighboring regions. Breeding Science, 61(5), 593–601. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.61.593

Intzaar, S., Akram, M., & Afrasiab, H. (2013). High frequency multiple shoot formation of pygmy groundcherry (Physalis minima): an endangered medicinal plant. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 15(4), 755‒760.

Islam, M., Mohanta, H., Ismail, M., Rafii, M., & Malek, M. (2013). Genetic variability and trait relationship in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray). Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 41(2), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13443

Jalata, Z., Ayana, A., & Zeleke, H. (2011). Variability, heritability and genetic advance for some yield and yield related traits in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces and crosses. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 5(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijpbg.2011.44.52

Jasmi. (2017). Diversity and blooming season of food sources plant of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in polyculture plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia JASMI. Biodiversitas, 18(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180106

Kearsey, M. J. J., & Pooni, H. S. S. (1996). The Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits. London: Chapman & Hall.

Leiva-Brondo, M., Prohens Tomás, J., & Nuez Viñals, F. (2001). Genetic analysis indicate superiority of perfomance of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) hybrids. Journal of New Seeds, 3(3), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1300/J153v03n03

Lomelí A. Peña, J. D. Molina–Galán, J. Sahagún–Castellanos, J. Ortiz–Cereceres, F. Márquez–Sánchez, T. C. y J. F. S. (2008). Genetic parameters of the husk tomato ( Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) CHF1 cultivar. Rev. Chapingo Ser.Hortic, 14(1).

Meena, M. ., Kumar, N., Meena, J. K., & Rai, T. (2016). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in chilli, Capsicum annuum. Bioscience Biotechnology Reaserch Communications, 9(2), 258–262.

Muniz, J., Kretzschmar, A. A., Rufato, L., Pelizza, T. R., Rufato, A. D. R., & Macedo, T. A. de. (2014). General aspects of Physalis cultivation. Ciência Rural, 44(6), 964–970. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782014005000006

Nadhifah, A., Suratman, & Pitoyo, A. (2016). Kekerabatan fenetik ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) di wilayah eks-Karesidenan Surakarta berdasarkan karakter morfologis, palinologis dan pola pita isozim [Phenetic relationship among ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) in Surakarta based on variation. Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia, 9(1), 1–10.

Price, A. J., Monks, C. D., & Kelton, J. A. (2013). Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata) density, biomass and seed production in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) following regrowth due to inadequate control. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4(3), 120–126.

Richards, C. L., Carstens, B. C., & Lacey Knowles, L. (2007). Distribution modelling and statistical phylogeography: an integrative framework for generating and testing alternative biogeographical hypotheses. J. Biogeogr., 34(11), 1833–1845. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01814.x

Rosmaina, Syafrudin, Hasrol, Yanti, F., Juliyanti, & Zulfahmi. (2016). Estimation of variability, heritability and genetic advance among local chili pepper genotypes cultivated in peat lands. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 22(3), 431–436.

Sharma, N., Bano, A., Dhaliwal, H. S., & Sharma, V. (2015). A pharmacological comprehensive review on “Rassbhary†Physalis angulata (L.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(8), 34–38.

Sood, S., & Kumar, N. (2011). Morphological studies of bell pepper germplasm. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 17(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2010.519373

Stansfield, W. D. (1991). Theory and Problems of Genetics (Schaum’s Outline Series). Toronto: McGraw-Hill Inc.

Travlos, I. S. (2012). Invasiveness of cut-leaf ground-cherry (Physalis angulata L.) populations and impact of soil water and nutrient availability. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(3), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000300009

UPOV. (2007). International union for the protection of new varieties of plants (pp. 1–29).

Zafar, N., Aziz, S., & Masood, S. (2004). Phenotypic divergence for agro-morphological traits among landrace genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(2), 335–339.

Downloads

Published

2018-07-27

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018)

Section

Original Research Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
  • The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.

Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.