Perubahan morfologis dan anatomis kelapa sawit pada rezim air dan salinitas berbeda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/1963Keywords:
Abiotik, Cekaman, Genangan, Kelapa Sawit, SalinAbstract
Salinitas tinggi dan genangan dapat terjadi pada tempat dan waktu yang sama; meskipun demikian pemahaman terhadap pengaruh kedua kondisi tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan, respon morfologis, dan anatomis kelapa sawit masih sedikit. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan mengkombinasikan 2 aras salinitas (non salin dan salin) dan tiga taraf genangan (tanpa genangan, interval genangan 2 minggu, dan interval genangan 4 minggu). Penelitian dilakukan dalam pot selama 4 bulan dengan bahan tanam kelapa sawit berumur 4 bulan. Parameter pertumbuhan dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada jenjang nyata 5%. Pengamatan visual secara langsung dan pembuatan preparat melintang akar dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan morfologi dan anatomi tanaman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan salinitas tinggi dan genangan konsisten menurunkan parameter pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Salinitas tinggi dan genangan tidak secara konsisten mengubah rasio luas masing-masing jaringan penyusun akar primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Kelapa sawit membentuk pneumatophore dan saluran aerenkima pada kondisi genangan, baik non salin maupun salin. Mekanisme adaptasi terhadap genangan tersebut dapat menurunkan pengaruh negatif cekaman salinitas tinggi.
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High salinity and waterlogging can occur at the same place and time; however, the effects of these two conditions on growth, morphological, and anatomical responses of oil palm was not fully understood. A research had been done by combining two levels of salinity (non saline and saline) and three levels of waterlogging (without waterlogging, two-week waterlogging intervals, and four-week waterlogging intervals). The study was conducted in pots for 4 months used 4 months old oil palm planting material. The growth parameters were analyzed by analysis variance continued by Duncan multiple-range test at 5% level of convidence. The morphological and anatomical changes of plants were observed trought direct observation and root cross section. The results showed that high salinity and waterlogging consistently decreased the oil palm growth parameter. High salinity and waterlogging did not consistently change the ratio of the area of each primary, secondary, and tertiary root tissue. Palm oil formed pneumatophores and aerenchyma under both non saline and saline waterlogging. Adaptation mechanisms to these waterlogging could reduce the negative effects of high salinity stress.
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