Keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan silang pada hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan (Physalis spp)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/9368

Keywords:

ciplukan, inkompatibilitas, persilangan interspesifik, Physalis

Abstract

Tanaman ciplukan digunakan untuk menghasilkan buah segar, bahan baku nutraceutical, dan biofarmasi. Kapasitas genetik ciplukan dapat ditingkatkan dengan hibridisasi interspesifik. Ketidakcocokan adalah masalah yang muncul pada persilangan antarspesies. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2020. Penelitian menggunakan bahan 5 spesies ciplukan, yaitu Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, dan P. ixocarpa. Pola perkawinan dialel digunakan serta pengamatan terhadap hasil penyerbukan diamati. Hasil penyerbukan silang interspesifik memiliki derajat kompatibilitas yang berbeda. Kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri pada setiap spesies tinggi. Penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) kompatibel. Inkompatibilitas parsial terdapat pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2) , P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Inkompatibilitas lengkap terjadi pada penyerbukan silang P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) dan P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang yang kompatibel menghasilkan perbedaan pada karakteristik buah dan benih. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) menghasilkan jumlah benih yang berbeda pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik.

Abstract

Ciplukan is used as a fresh fruit, nutraceutical raw materials, and biopharmaceuticals. Genetic capacity of ciplukan can be increased by interspecific hybridization. Incompatibility is an issue obtained during the interspecific hybridization. Research objective was to study success rate and compatibility of self-pollination and cross-pollination ciplukan interspecific hybridization. Research was conducted at Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya from January to June 2020. Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, and P. ixocarpa were species included in this study. A diallel mating design pattern was used as well as observations of pollination. Interspecific cross pollination was found to have differing degrees of compatibility. Compatibility of self-pollination in each species is high. Interspecific cross-pollination of P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) is compatible. Partial incompatibilities exist in interspecific cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Complete incompatibility occurred in cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) and P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Compatible self-pollination and cross-pollination resulted differences in fruit and seed characteristics. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) developed different numbers of seeds following interspecific cross-pollination.

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Published

2021-07-31

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Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021)

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Original Research Articles

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