Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas 12 genotipe bawang merah (Alllium cepa L. var Aggregatum) di dataran tinggi

Authors

  • Nurmalita Waluyo Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Jl. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391, Indonesia
  • Noladhi Wicaksana Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM-21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
  • Anas Anas Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM-21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
  • Iteu M. Hidayat Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Jl. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/9518

Keywords:

keragaman genetik, keragaman fenotip, heritabilitas, bawang merah

Abstract

Bawang merah (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) salah satu komoditas hortikultura banyak di konsumsi. Peningkatan permintaan dalam kuantitas dan kualitas untuk komoditas ini meningkatkan ketersediaan varietas unggul. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menduga keragaman genotipe dan fenotipe serta nilai heritabilitas karakter pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan hasil bawang merah di tiga lokasi dataran tinggi (Lembang 1.250 m dpl, Kab. Bandung Barat; Pacet 971 m dpl, Kab. Bandung; dan Samarang, 970 m dpl, Kab. Garut). Penelitian dilaksanakan dari September sampai Nopember 2019. Materi genetik yaitu 12 genotipe bawang merah terdiri dari 7 klon: B1, B19, B63, B72, B77, B102, dan B222, serta 5 varietas: Trisula, Bali Karet, Maja Cipanas, Bima Brebes dan Sumenep. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap seluruh karakter pertumbuhan, komponen hasil, dan hasil. Nilai koefisisen keragaman genotipe dan fenotipe yang tinggi diperlihatkan oleh karakter persentase tanaman berbunga (48,10 % dan 49,01 %), berat basah per umbi (29,71 % dan 30,87 %), dan berat kering per umbi (33,17 % dan 34,29 %). Nilai duga heritabilitas arti luas (Hbs) karakter pada 12 genotipe bawang merah berkisar antara 45,08-96,30 %. Semua karakter yang diuji memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi kecuali untuk karakter jumlah daun per rumpun nilai heritabilitasnya sedang. Seleksi bawang merah di dataran tinggi dapat dilakukan pada generasi awal.

Abstract

Shallots (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) are one of the most widely consumed horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Increased demand in quantity and quality for this commodity improved availability varieties. A study was conducted to estimate variability of genotypes and phenotypes as well as the heritability value of growth characters, yield components, and yields of shallot at three highland locations (Lembang 1.250 m asl, West Bandung District; Pacet 971 m asl, Bandung District; and Samarang 970 m asl, Garut District). The research was conducted from September to November 2019. The genetic material studied was 12 genotypes of shallots consisting of 7 clones: B1, B19, B63, B72, B77, B102, and B222, and 5 varieties: Trisula, Bali Karet, Maja Cipanas, Bima Brebes, and Sumenep. Every experiments in all locations was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. The analysis of variance results showed that the genotype had a very significant effect on all growth characters, yield components, and yields. High variation coefficient values of genotype and phenotype was found in the character of percentage of flowering plants (48.10% and 49.01%), freshweight per bulb (29.71% and 30.87%), and dry weight per bulb (33.17% and 34.29%). All characters tested had a wide phenotific variability. The estimated value of heritability (broad meaning) of the characters in 12 shallot genotypes ranged from 45.08 to 96.30%. All characters tested has high heritability except for the number of leaves per clump the heritability was moderate. The study is the shallot selection in the highlands can be carried out in the early generations.

Author Biography

Nurmalita Waluyo, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Jl. Tangkuban Perahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391

Penulis pertama merupakan mahasiswa program magister Agronomi, konsentrasi Pemuliaan Tanaman di Universitas Padjadjaran.

References

Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of plant breeding. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. 485 p.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Distribusi perdagangan komoditas badan pusat statistik bawang merah Indonesia tahun 2018. Badan Pusat Statistik.

Baihaki, A., & Wicaksana, N. (2005). Interaksi genotipe x lingkungan, adaptabilitas, dan stabilitas hasil, dalam pengembangan tanaman varietas unggul di Indonesia. Zuriat, 16(1), 1–8.

Dangi, R., Kumar, A., & Khar, A. (2018). Genetic variability, heritability, and diversity analysis in short day tropical onion (Allium cepa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 88(6), 948–957.

Degewione, A., Alamerew, S., & Tabor, G. (2011). Genetic variability and association of bulb yield and related traits in shallot (Allium cepa Var. Aggregatum DON.). Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(7):517-536.

Effendy, E., Respatijarti, R., & Waluyo, B. (2018). Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Agro, 5(1), 30–38.

Elrod, S.L & Stansfield, W.D. (2002). Schaum's outline of theory and problems of genetics, 4th ed. Mc Graw-Hill. New York.

Gomez, K.A., & Gomez, A.A. (1995). Prosedur Statistik untuk Penelitian Pertanian. Edisi Kedua. UI-Press.

Hallauer, A.R., and Miranda, J.B. (1995). Quantitative genetics in maize breeding 2nd Edition. Iowa State Univ Press. Iowa.

Hapsari, R.T. (2014). Pendugaan keragaman genetik dan korelasi antara komponen hasil kacang hijau berumur genjah. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 20 (2): 51-58.

Hermanto, R., Syukur, M., & Widodo. (2017). Pendugaan Ragam Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di Dua Lokasi. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 8(1), 31.

Kementrian Pertanian. (2018). Statistik Pertanian 2018. Kementrian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.

Mohanty, B. K. (2001). Genetic variability, inter-relationship and path analysis in onion. Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 39(3114), 17–20.

Muhammad, A.N. (2010). Analisis korelasi dan sidik lintas antara karakter morfologi dan komponen buah tanaman nenas (Ananas comosus L. Merr). Crop Agro, 3 (1): 1- 9.

Nirmaladevi, G., Padmavathi, G., Kota, S., & Babu, V.R. (2015). Genetic variability, heritability and correlation coefficients of grain quality characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 47(4): 424–433.

Paul, S., Bhateria, S., & Kumari, A. (2015). Genetic variability and interrelationships of seed yield and yield components in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 47(4): 375-383.

Permadi, A.H. (1995). Pemuliaan bawang merah. Dalam Sunarjono H, Suwandi, Permadi, A.H., Bahar, F.A., Sulihantini, S., & Broto, W., editor. Teknologi Produksi Bawang Merah. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Pinaria, A., Baihaki, A., Setiamihardja, R., & Daradjat, A.A. (1995). Variabilitas genetik dan heritabilitas karakter-karakter biomassa 53 genotipe kedelai. Zuriat, 6(2):88-92.

Priyanto, S.B., Azrai, M., & Syakir, M. (2018). Analisis ragam genetik, heritabilitas, dan sidik lintas karakter agronomik jagung hibrida silang tunggal. Informatika Pertanian, 27 (1) : 1 -8.

Puspodharsono, S. (1988). Dasar-dasar ilmu pemuliaan tanaman. Bogor: Pusat Antar Universitas IPB bekerja sama dengan Lembaga Sumber Daya Informasi IPB. Halaman: 99-112.

Rani, K. R., Raju, C.S., & Reddy, K.R. (2015). Variability, correlation and path analysis studies in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) . Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, 35(2): 106-110.

Singh, G., Ram, C. N., Singh, A., Shrivastav, S.P., Maurya, P.K., Kumar, P., & Sriom. (2018). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and its contributing traits in garlic (Allium sativum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(2): 1362–1372.

Solanki, P., Jain P. K., Prajapati, S., Raghuwanshi, N., Khandait, R.N., & Patel, S. (2015). Genetic analysis and character association in different genotypes of onion ( Allium Cepa L.) . International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 8(4): 783-793.

Syukur, M., Sujiprihati, S., Yunianti, R., & Nida, K. (2010). Pendugaan Komponen ragam, heritabilitas dan korelasi untuk menentukan kriteria seleksi cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) populasi F5. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 1(3): 74–80.

Trustinah & Iswanto, R. (2013). Keragaman bahan genetik galur kacang hijau. Dalam A.A. Rahmiana, E. Yusnawan, A. Taufiq, Sholihin, Suharsono, T. Sundari, dan Hermanto (eds.) Prosiding Inovasi Teknologi dan Kajian Ekonomi Komoditas Aneka kacang dan Umbi mendukung Empat Sukses Kementan. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan.

Visalakshi, M., Porpavai, C., & Pandiyan, M. (2018). Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Associated Traits in Small Onion. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci, 7(7): 3065–3072.

Downloads

Published

2021-07-31

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021)

Section

Original Research Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
  • The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.

Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.