Modular Parties, Customary Networks, and Constructivist Institutionalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/politicon.v6i1.33869Keywords:
Modular Parties, Constructive Institutionialism, Bali, Customary Network, Discourse StrategyAbstract
This article discusses the practice of modular parties as a discourse strategy that underpins patron-client relationships between politicians candidates, free-agent party functionaries, and mass voters. This practice departs from the conditions surrounding activism to mobilize voters in the context of: internal conflicts, parties that are too centralistic, the lack of regeneration, the de-ideologization of political parties, discourses about closed proportional elections, and the rampant phenomenon of cadres reconfiguring political parties. This article is based on qualitative interviews with groups of people in the networks of customary collectives, incumbent politicians, free agents, and political party functionaries in Bali. During the electoral process for the legislature in Bali, we conducted four interviews in 2021 and ten interviews in 2023. Bali is a province where the customary village-based activism is particularly important. The research is framed by constructivist institutionalism. We find that the network of customary collectivities and the relationship between free agents and incumbent politicians follows patron-client patterns. Within that pattern, actors innovate and communicate discourses about cultural preservation and the welfare of the customary collective. At the same time, they position the relevant leaders or parties as central actors who can provide solutions to the problems posed. This discourse strengthens ties between the mass of voters, free agents within the parties, and politicians or candidates. Such ties mobilize family-cum-community in the collectives of the villages and customary networks.Â
Â
References
Alfaz, P., & Suswanta, S. (2021). Bentuk dan Jaringan Patron-Klien Politik Uang pada Pemilu Legislatif tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Kebijakan (JPK). https://doi.org/10.18196/jpk.v2i3.12793
Aspinall, E., & Sukmajati, M. (2018). Patronage and Clientelism in Indonesian Electoral Politics. In Electoral Dynamics in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xxzz2.7
Bacchi, C., & Rönnblom, M. (2014). Feminist Discursive Institutionalism-A Poststructural Alternative. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2013.864701
Barito, D. K. El, & Rohman, A. Z. F. (2023). Tautan Politik Antara AAM Dengan Konstituen di Dapil Tulungagung II dalam Pemenangan Pileg Kabupaten Tulungagung Tahun 2019. POLITICOS: JURNAL POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22225/politicos.3.2.2023.106-127
Bell, S. (2011). Do We Really Need a New ‘Constructivist Institutionalism’ to Explain Institutional Change? British Journal of Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123411000147
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Christie, C. (2005). Politeness and the Linguistic Construction of Gender in Parliament: An Analysis of Transgressions and Apology Behaviour. Communities.
De Raadt, J., Hollanders, D., & Krouwel, A. (2004). Varieties of Populism : An Analysis of the Programmatic Character of Six European Parties. Political Science.
Dewanto, B. I. (2021). Siasat Manipulatif Partai Politik. Biokultur. https://doi.org/10.20473/bk.v10i2.31714
Duarte, J. M. S. (2016). The net as a space for political militancy: Technology and participation in the electoral campaign. Communication and Society. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.3.33-47
Fajrina, A. H. (2017). Strategi Rekrutmen Partai Gerindra dalam Kaderisasi Pemuda di Kota Surabaya. Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik.
Freidenvall, L. (2018). GENDER EQUALITY WITHOUT LEGISLATED QUOTAS IN SWEDEN. In Transforming Gender Citizenship: The Irresistible Rise of Gender Quotas in Europe. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108636797.013
Fukuoka, Yuki. 2012. "Indonesia’s ‘democratic transition’ revisited: a clientelist model of political transition." Democratization 20 (6):991-1013.
Gede Agus Siswadi. (2023). Shifting The Meaning of Tabuh Rah Becomes Tajen (Chicken Figting) in Bali (The Perspective of Max Cheler's Hierarchy of Values). Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies. https://doi.org/10.25078/vidyottama.v7i1.162
Geertz, Clifford. 1972. "Deep play: notes on the Balinese cockfight." Daedalus Winter 1 (101):1—37.
Hadiz, Vedi. 2021. "Indonesia’s missing Left and the Islamisation of dissent." Third World Quarterly 42 (3):599-617. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1768064.
Hatherell, Michael. 2014. "Repertoires of Representation and an Application to Indonesia's Jokowi." Representation 50 (4):439-451.
Hatherell, Michael. 2019. Political Representation in Indonesia, The Emergence of the Innovative Technocrats. London and New York: Routledge.
Hatherell, Michael. 2021. "Elected and Non-elected Representative Claim-Makers in Indonesia." In Security, Democracy, and Society in Bali; Trouble with Protection, edited by Andrew Vandenberg and Nazrina Zuryani, 285-304. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hatherell, Michael, and Alistair Walsh. 2021. The Struggle for the National Narrative in Indonesia. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan Springer.
Hatherell, Michael, and Alistair Welsh. 2017. "Rebel with a Cause: Ahok and Charismatic Leadership in Indonesia." Asia Studies Review 41 (2):174-190.
Hay, C. (2016). Good in a crisis: the ontological institutionalism of social constructivism. New Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2016.1158800
Joko Purnomo, G., Purwana, D., & Anwar, C. (2023). Conceptual Problems of Political Parties Cadre Management in the Reform Era in Indonesia. International Journal of Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230538
Jordi, K. I., Erawan, I. K., & Bandiyah, B. (2021). Peran Banteng Ambengan Pesanggaran (BANTAS) Dalam Politik Dan Ekonomi Di Desa Pedungan. Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 1(2). https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/politika/article/view/68175
Kadir, A. G. (2014). DINAMIKA PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA. Sosiohumaniora. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v16i2.5724
Kirchheimer, O. (2015). Political justice: The use of legal procedure for political ends. In Political Justice: The Use of Legal Procedure for Political Ends. https://doi.org/10.2307/838238
Lukmajati, D. (2016). Praktek Politik Uang Dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2014 (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Blora). Politika.
Mardiana, M., Murdian Hasyim, M., Rasyid Ridha, A., Fahlevi, M. R., & Akbar Hayat, M. (2023). Recadoration of Political Parties Preparation of General Elections in the Perspective of Caderization Theory. International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources. https://doi.org/10.51749/injurlens.v2i2.31
Mayrudin, Y. M. (2017). Dinamika Partai Politik dan Positioning Ideologi : Studi tentang Pergeseran Positioning Ideologi Partai-Partai POlitik Peserta Pemilu 2014. Journal of Governance. https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v2i2.2674
Moffitt, Benjamin. 2016. The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style, and Representation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Muhtadi, B. (2018). Politik Identitas dan Mitos Pemilih Rasional. MAARIF. https://doi.org/10.47651/mrf.v13i2.23
Muslih, M., Perdana, A. P., & Kurnia, K. F. (2022). Peran Partai Politik dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilu yang Aspiratif dan Demokratis. Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. https://doi.org/10.24967/jcs.v6i1.1334
Nastain, M., & Nugroho, C. (2022). Relasi Kuasa dan Suara: Politik Patron Klien Pada Pilkada Langsung di Kabupaten Grobogan 2020. Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik. https://doi.org/10.14710/politika.13.1.2022.167-184
Novaes, L. M. (2018). Disloyal Brokers and Weak Parties. American Journal of Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12331
Nordholt, Henk Schulte. 2015. "From Contest State to Patronage Democracy; the Long Durée of Clientalism in Indonesia." In Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia: A Long Durée Perspective, edited by Henk Schulte Nordholt and David Henley, 166-80. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
Nurdin, P. H. (2019). Politik Hukum Pengaturan Pendidikan Politik Oleh Partai Politik. Jambura Law Review. https://doi.org/10.33756/jalrev.v1i2.1977
Okhtariza, N. (2019). Petahana, Patronase, dan Politik Uang di Jawa. Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
Okthariza, N. (2020). Democracy for Sale: Elections, Clientelism, and the State of in Indonesia . Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1742957
Pratama, I. P. K. Y., Pramana, G. I., & Mertha, A. A. S. M. M. J. (2022). Elit Tajen Dalam Pemilihan Anggota Legislatif Kota Denpasar Tahun 2019. Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 1(1). https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/politika/article/view/82857
Purnama, A. A. D. (2019). Strategi Menjaga Konstituen: Studi Kasus Anggota DPR RI 2014-2019 Daerah Pemilihan Jawa Tengah I. Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik. https://doi.org/10.14710/politika.10.2.2019.186-199
Rodriguez, I. A., Muniz, J., & Munyon, T. P. (2021). Exploring the relationship between organizational politic and knowledge sharing in Brazilian modular consortium. In International Journal of Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKM.2021100104
Romli, L. (2018). Koalisi dan Konflik Internal Partai Politik pada Era Reformasi. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri Dan Hubungan Internasional. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v8i2.1138
Romli, L. (2019). Political Identity and Challenges for Democracy Consolidation in Indonesia. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v4i1.17214
Savirani, A., & Törnquist, O. (2015). Reclaiming the State: Overcoming Problems of Democracy In Post-Soeharto Indonesia. In Reclaiming the State, Yogyakarta: PolGov and PCD Press ISBN 978-602-71962-3-0 , pages 1-18
Savirani, Amalinda. 2015. "Consolidated state, consolidated business actors, and new populisst leaders." In Reclaiming the State: Overcoming Problems of Democracy in Post-Soeharto Indonesia, edited by Amalinda Savirani and Olle Törnquist, 55-70. Yogyakarta: PCD Press.
Schneider, N., De Filippi, P., Frey, S., Tan, J. Z., & Zhang, A. X. (2021). Modular Politics. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449090
Septi Nur Wijayanti; Kelik Iswandi. (2021). Peran Organisasi Sayap Partai Politik dalam Kaderisasi Partai Politik di Indonesia. SASI, 27(4), 17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i4.563
Suteja, I. G. A. S. D., -, B., & Erawan, I. K. P. (2021). Aktor Penghubung Dalam Modular Parties. Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 2(2). https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/politika/article/view/76974
Ufen, Andreas. 2008. "From "aliran" to dealignment: political parties in post-Suharto Indonesia." South East Asia Research 16 (1):5-41.
Vandenberg, Andrew. 2021. "The Historical Construction of Bali’s Security Groups." In Security, Democracy and Society in Bali, trouble with protection, edited by Andrew Vandenberg and Nazrina Zuryani, 75-110. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wardana, Agung. 2019. Contemporary Bali, contested space and governance. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wilson, Lee. 2015. Martial Arts and the Body Politic in Indonesia. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.jpg)
