The Challenges of Gender Equality and Women's Rights in Yemen: A Sociological Survey


Areeg Gamil Al-Aghbari(1), Mohammed Al-Mansoob(2), Rino Ardhian Nugroho(3*), Drajat Tri Kartono(4)

(1) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia; University of Science and Technology Aden, Yemen
(2) Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia
(4) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The study explores the complicated issues of women's rights and gender equality in Yemen, a nation whose deeply ingrained cultural norms and patriarchal standards limit women's participation in public life and sustain economic inequality. It seeks to advance the conversation on gender equality worldwide by offering a comprehensive analysis of the Yemeni environment and suggesting future directions for development. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes a theoretical analysis, a literature study, and an across-sectional sociological survey, the research examines gender systems locally and globally. It evaluates Yemen's women's rights situation. Results reveal a generational gap in knowledge of gender rights, with younger respondents being more informed than older generations, who were more influenced by conventional standards. Gender discrimination endures despite advancements in healthcare and education, with issues of pay inequality and violence against women being significant concerns. The report highlights the main obstacles to gender equality as patriarchal attitudes, economic inequalities, difficulties in education and the workplace, and widespread violence against women. The goal of improving women's political representation ends by promoting the creation of a Gender Equality Commission, encouraging female entrepreneurship, questioning patriarchal conventions, and putting affirmative action laws into place. It emphasises the importance of continual research and observation to evaluate how well these policies promote social justice in Yemen.

Keywords


Gender Equality; Gender Discrimination; Women's Rights; Challenges, Yemen

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adhikari, A., & Saha, Dr. B. (2022). The Feminist Responses to Mary Wollstonecraft: A Reading. EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), 7(9), 32–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36713/epra11181

Al-Sakkaf, Dr. N. (2020). The Politics of Women’s Empowerment in Yemen. Advances in Social Science and Culture, 2(4), 102. https://doi.org/10.22158/assc.v2n4p102

Al-Sakkaf, N. (2019). Of ambition, opportunity and pretence: The Politics of Gender in Yemen. University of Reading.

Al-Sharmani, M. (2010). Legal reform, women’s empowerment and social change: The case of Egypt. IDS Bulletin, 41(2), 10–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2010.00118.x

Anderson, K., & Myrttinen, H. (2017). Now is the Time: Research on Gender Justice, Conflict and Fragility in the Middle East and North Africa.

Arribas, G. V, & L., C. (2003). Gender equality and the EU–An assessment of the current issues. Eipascope, 1(1), 1–9.

Bagade, T., Chojenta, C., Harris, M., Oldmeadow, C., & Loxton, D. (2022a). A Women’s Rights-Based Approach to Reducing Child Mortality: Data from 193 Countries Show that Gender Equality does Affect Under-five Child Mortality. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 26(6), 1292–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03315-z

Bagade, T., Chojenta, C., Harris, M., Oldmeadow, C., & Loxton, D. (2022b). The human right to safely give birth: data from 193 countries show that gender equality does affect maternal mortality. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05225-6

Bagade, T., Chojenta, C., Harris, M., Oldmeadow, C., & Loxton, D. (2022c). The human right to safely give birth: data from 193 countries show that gender equality does affect maternal mortality. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05225-6

Barrett, D. (2019). The regulatory space of equality and human rights in Britain: The role of the Equality and Human Rights Commission. Legal Studies, 39(2), 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.36

Bullough, V. L. (1993). Cross dressing, sex, and gender. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Constant, L., Edochie, I., Glick, P., Martini, J., & Garber, C. (2020). Barriers to employment that women face in Egypt: policy challenges and considerations. RAND.

Farrior, S. (2009). Human rights advocacy on gender issues: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 1(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hup002

Friedman, E. J. (2003). Gendering the Agenda: The impact of the transnational women’s rights movement at the un conferences of the 1990s. Women’s Studies International Forum, 26(4), 313–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5395(03)00077-3

Gadelrab, S. S. (2010). Discourses on Sex Differences in Medieval Scholarly Islamic Thought. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 66(1), 40–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrq012

García-González, J., Forcén, P., & Jimenez-Sanchez, M. (2019). Men and women differ in their perception of gender bias in research institutions. PLoS ONE, 14(12), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225763

Gressmann, W. (2016). From The Ground Up: Gender and Conflict Analysis In Yemen. https://doi.org/https://fly.jiuhuashan.beauty/https/dx.doi.org/10.21201/2016.620112

Guenena, N., & Wassef, N. (1999). Population Council Knowledge Commons.

Hassan, H. (2019). An Overview of Gender Equality in Egypt. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(2), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.24818/ejis.2019.09

Hauser, C. E. (2017). Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Gender equality in Southeast Asia: a comparative study of Indonesia and the Philippines. https://hdl.handle.net/10945/56133

International, A. (2021). Amnesty International’s Global Strategic Framework (2022-2030).

Knox, D., Zusman, M., & McNeely, A. (2008). University student beliefs about sex: men vs. women. College Student Journal, 42(1), 181–186.

Krishnan, N. (2014). The Status of Yemeni Women: From Aspiration to Opportunity.

Mann, S. P., H., P., & Y., D. (2020). Sleeping beauty: The right to science as a global ethical discourse. Human Rights Quarterly, 42(2), 332–356. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2020.0020

Megahed, N., & Lack, S. (2013). Women’s rights and gender-educational inequality in Egypt and Tunisia: From colonialism to contemporary revolution. In Education, Dominance and Identity (pp. 199–222).

Minico, G. De. (2015). 1/2021 Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. BioLaw Journal-Rivista Di BioDiritto, 37(1), 12–15.

Minico, G. De. (2021). 1/2021 Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. BioLaw Journal-Rivista Di BioDiritto, 37(1), 381–401.

Moghadam, V. M. (2020). Gender regimes in the Middle East and North Africa: The power of feminist movements. Social Politics, 27(3), 467–485. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxaa019

Molyneux, M. (1995). Women’s rights and political contingency: the case of Yemen, 1990-1994. The Middle East Journal, 49(3), 418–431.

Norris, P. (2014). Cultural explanations of electoral reform: A policy cycle model. In Understanding Electoral Reform (pp. 95–114). Routledge.

Profeta, P. (2020). Gender equality and public policy: Measuring progress in Europe. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/232377

Quisumbing, A. R., & Mcclafferty, B. (2007). Book reviews Edited by Julieanne Porter. Gender & Development, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13552070601

Ramadhani, H., Alida, R., Permatasari, F. D., Utami, S. D., & Safala, D. V. (2022). Gender Equality Issues in Disney’s Movie “Mulan (2020)” (pp. 223–238).

Sadri, A. (2019). The Arab human rights system: achievements and challenges. International Journal of Human Rights, 23(7), 1166–1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2019.1597713

Shannon, G., Jansen, M., Williams, K., Cáceres, C., Motta, A., Odhiambo, A., Eleveld, A., & Mannell, J. (2019a). Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter? The Lancet, 393(10171), 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33135-0

Shannon, G., Jansen, M., Williams, K., Cáceres, C., Motta, A., Odhiambo, A., Eleveld, A., & Mannell, J. (2019b). Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter? In The Lancet, 393(10171), (Vol. 393, Issue 10171, pp. 560–569). Lancet Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33135-0

Shanthosh, J., Muvva, K., Woodward, M., Vijeyarasa, R., & Palagyi, A. (2022). Assessing the Reach, Scope and Outcomes of Government Action on Women’s Health and Human Rights: A Protocol for the Development of an International Women’s Rights Dataset. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221114741

Shastri, A. (2019). Human Rights for Women’s Development in Multidimensional: A Step towards Gender Equality in Education. UTAMAX Journal, 1(2), 84–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31849/utamax.v1i2.5876

Thematic report. (2023). Yemen Gender Dynamics, Roles, and Needs Report. https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230411_acaps_thematic_report_yemen_gender_dynamics_roles_and_needs.pdf

Wollstonecraft, M. (2016). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects.

Yavorska, V., Rega, I., Kiselyova, E., Goncharova, A., & Nehoda, Y. (2024). Women’s Rights and Gender Equality: Analysis of Issues and Achievements. International Journal of Religion, 5(5), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.61707/qar2yk31




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v9i2.38023

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Areeg Gamil AbdulBari Al-Aghbari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya is Indexed By:

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journal) Dimensions Moraref Crossref SINTA Portal Garuda Indonesian Scientific Journal Database (ISJD) Google ScholarIndonesia One Search
------------

 

View My Stats

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.